Heavy Spending on Facilities Over Instructional Needs A recurring critique is that public school systems pour excessive funds into buildings and infrastructure at the expense of instructional resources. In many cases, a significant share of school capital budgets goes toward construction projects rather than classroom needs. For example, in West Virginia and Ohio during a recent period, new school construction accounted for over half of all K–12 capital spending (about 55–60%

Quaker (Friends) education is rooted in a profound belief that there is “that of God” or an Inner Light in every person. In a K–12 classroom, this translates into a warm, respectful approach where each student’s voice and spirit are valued. Rather than focusing solely on delivering curriculum, Quaker pedagogy emphasises community, reflection, and active listening as central elements of learning. Walk into a Friends school classroom and you’re likely to notice a calm energy: s

In the new documentary Riefenstahl, about the infamous Nazi propagandist Leni Riefenstahl, the director presses her repeatedly about her relationship with Adolf Hitler. Her responses are evasive but telling. “I knew Hitler as the head of the National Socialist Party,” she says, carefully. That phrase, National Socialist, spoken without reflection, contains the truth most of the modern world has tried to forget. The word fascist is Italian, drawn from fasces—a bundle of rods b

Introduction Science in the modern world is a story of inference. Every day, researchers sift through data seeking meaningful patterns, using the tools of statistics and guided by the principles of the philosophy of science. We live in an era where enormous data sets and sophisticated analyses drive discovery – from physics to genomics to social science – yet behind this empirical flood lies a centuries-old philosophical tension: How do we infer general truths about the world